Having more dirty cows was associated negatively with stall length and chain length, and positively associated with the presence of an electric trainer. As mean stall length increased, fewer cows had hind-claw rotation. A negative association was found between broken tails and tie-rail height and a positive association between broken tails and udder and hind limb cleanliness. Hock lesions were positively associated with presence of an electric trainer and hind limb and udder cleanliness and negatively associated with tie-chain length. Neck lesions were significantly associated with tie-rail height. Stall dimensions were recorded and cows were scored for neck and hock lesions, broken tails, back arch, hind claw rotation, and udder and hind limb cleanliness. All lactating dairy cows (n = 17,893) from 317 Ontario tie-stall dairy farms were evaluated once between March and September 2003.
The objective of this study was to identify relationships between tie-stall design and selected cow-based injury, lameness, and cleanliness measurements. et alĪnderson, N., Kelton, D., Millman, S., Zurbrigg, K. Tie-stall design and its relationship to lameness, injury, and cleanliness on 317 Ontario dairy farmsĪnderson, N., Kelton, D., Millman, S. In order to optimize the number of foot immersions per cow pass, while limiting the footbath volume, this study recommends a bath 3.0–3.7 m long, 0.5–0.6 m wide, with a 28 cm step-in height. The probability of each rear foot receiving at least two immersions reached 95% at a bath length of 3.0 m, and a significant increase in the frequency of three and four immersions per foot was observed between 3.0 and 3.7 m. While a higher step-in height significantly increased the number of foot immersions, the effect was small compared to the effect of length. The number of immersions per rear foot was counted for each footbath design for each cow passing through the bath on two consecutive days. An observational behavioral study was conducted using a custom-designed footbath to test four different bath dimensions, with two different step-in heights. The median footbath measured 2.03 m long by 0.81 m wide, and was filled to a depth of 0.11 m with a volume of 189 L (range 80–1417 L). Twenty-seven herds (42%) used more than one chemical. The most common agents used were copper sulfate (41/65) and formalin (22/65). Observations on the design and use of footbaths for the control of infectious hoof disease in dairy cattle Author links open overlay panelNigel B.Ībstract A survey of 65 freestall-housed dairy herds in five different countries, with an average of 1023 milking cows, found that footbaths were used 1–4 times per day for 1–7 days per week, with between cows passing through the bath between chemical changes. Observations on the design and use of footbaths for the control of infectious hoof disease in dairy cattle Author links open.
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